There is no governmental agency that tests for how robust seeds are or which grow the best vegetables. 
The best thing to do is to make sure you are buying Certified Seed. Certified seed is seed of a known variety produced under strict seed certification standards to maintain the purity of the variety. It must also meet specified standards for good germination, for being weed-free, and free of inert matter. All certified seed must pass field inspection by state labs, be conditioned by an approved seed conditioning plant, and then pass laboratory testing before it can be sold as certified seed. All this effort is to protect not only you the grower, but also to protect your local growers and food supply, and to protect the seed strain itself. If your seed source doesn’t lab test and certify their seeds, shop somewhere else.
NOTE: All seeds sold in packets in stores in the US have to be certified. If you walk into any Big Box store, hardware store or garden center to buy seeds, you can rest assured those seeds have been certified.
The majority of catalog sellers also certify their seeds. Their catalog should state whether their seeds are satisfied. Online is where it gets tricky. If your online seed seller doesn’t state they only sell certified seeds, ask them where they have their seed certified.