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Wheel bug morphology #872795

Asked June 12, 2024, 12:38 PM EDT

I am planning on getting a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) tattoo incorporating one of my favorite insects, Arilus cristatus. I intend on having the adult bug perched on top of the "DN" about to strike an inchworm forming the "R," the caterpillar ignorant of its impending doom. Since this is a functional as well as a decorative tattoo, and the adult has that massive crest, I also intend to replace much of the thorax with a Star of Life, the symbol of emergency medical services. A cog logo to replace the cog-like thorax. However, I am always incredibly sensitive to morphological errors in illustrations, and do not want my own body to be a permanent exhibit of one. (Eg, I saw a wonderful honeybee. But I immediately spotted the major issue: the wings were completely separate.) So I have some questions regarding the species’ minutiae to a tattooable extent. Such as the ocellus I noticed behind each large compound eye, but those would only interfere with the image. One major question has to do with its striking pose. The dynamic moment just before a kill in static form. Each foot appears to have a single tarsus and I am tempted to think those are held back on the raptorial forelegs and not used, at least until the prey is already grasped, simply by analogy with mantises. But since they only need to plunge in the beak and keep a hold until the saliva’s pacification this is may not be an accurate comparison. And I love the look of red antennae, but that would needs to be aesthetically balanced. Some images show individuals with red on the legs. Is that a strictly ventral feature in that color morph? They evidently have two red scent glands on the bottom of the abdomen, but those would be neither visible on a ventral image nor visually appealing in this case. Also, do they have two rows of spiracles? The bottom row looks very different than the top, so I am unsure if it serves the same function. Those are just what came to mind. Anything else an amateur would overlook or couldn’t see from the internet’s images would be more than welcome. (Inchworms are well, but they seem pretty straightforward with so many species that it wouldn’t matter much.)

Prince George's County Maryland

Expert Response

Thank you for reaching out to us!

I would first recommend finding a tattoo artist who has tattooed insects before- someone who has created accurate depictions of insects before, in the art style you are looking for (as there are many different tattoo art styles). Also clear reference photos can be super important. If you need clear reference photos of Arilus cristatus I would recommend the following web pages:

I would say depending on the style of tattoo, some smaller features like tiny ocelli would not be missed- depending of course on your preference for these smaller details. I would say there are ways to have an illustration of an insect be accurate without all the fine details- as with the naked eye some of the details cannot be seen anyways. Thus, if the tiny ocelli cannot fit, or doesn't make sense in the tattoo, I would say their omittance does not make the art completely inaccurate. Not all art/tattoo styles lend to super fine details; some fine details cannot be tattooed well depending on the size of the tattoo (e.g. the smaller the tattoo the harder it is to fit finer details). 

Once you find an artist with the art style you are looking for I would schedule a consultation and work with the artist on the accuracy of the insect- especially emphasizing and pointing out using reference photos what details you want to ensure are seen and accurate (e.g. the legs: providing the artist clear, zoomed in images of the legs and feet/tarsi). 

In regards to the striking pose I would reference and screenshot videos of Arilus cristatus in action. The video and screenshot can be shared with your tattoo artist. This is a great video I found on YouTube for reference: 

Entomologist, Matt Bertone on Flickr has some great clear images that can be zoomed in for details like tarsi: https://www.flickr.com/photos/76790273@N07/<personal data hidden>/in/photolist-2g4GnVT-2oTScrX-hoeUqF-hoeSoe-2m2MbB4-2oJ3fRW-2oTR4n1/.

Most Arilus cristatus adults I have seen have a a reddish/amber coloration to the distal end of their tibia. And their tarsus is also a reddish/amber color- depending on the lighting. 

I would say again, depending on the art style you are going for, the overall depiction of the insect could be accurate while the colors could be altered for artistic appeal and balance. 

Arilus cristatus has one row of very small spiracles along either side of the body (located laterally along the thorax and abdomen). The only visible spiracles I can see are on the abdominal segments- and that is when looking a photos fairly zoomed in. The other dark and white patterns on the underside of the abdomen you see are patterns created by tiny hairs known as setae. 

I think for an overall accurate depiction of a wheel bug the most important morphological traits would be the the prominent thoracic, semicircular crest that resembles a cogwheel (the number of teeth [tubercles] in the crest varies from eight to 12), the thick long beak (proboscis), the long antennae, a head that narrows behind the eyes, lateral margins of the abdomen that extend beyond the wings, and long legs (6 legs total); raptorial front legs. Depending on the angle/stance of the Arilus cristatus there is a very cool and distinct prosternal groove under the head and between the two front legs (where the insect rests its beak when it is not in use); see a photo of the prosternal groove here: https://genent.cals.ncsu.edu/insect-identification/order-hemiptera-suborder-heteroptera/family-reduviidae-2/#:~:text=Description%3A%20Members%20of%20the%20family,central%20groove%20on%20the%20prosternum. This webpage also nicely lays out and depicts the main traits of Reduviidae, the insect family Arilus cristatus belongs to.

Be sure to reference credible website (like University Extension webpages) for accurate morphological descriptions.

Overall I would say it is important to have correct proportions, shapes, and locations of all the different main visible body parts/segments to aid in an accurate depiction. For example, be sure the legs are on the correct body segment, the thorax (not the abdomen). Find an artist you like and trust so you can work with them to get all the traits and aspects you are looking for. Once your artist has a drawing of your tattoo, double-check the traits (especially obvious traits like total number of legs, etc.).

I hope this helps!



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