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Large grubs in soil of asparagus patch #840665

Asked July 14, 2023, 12:53 PM EDT

While weeding my 3' by 30' asparagus patch last week I found at least 8-10 large grubs in the soil. I also have found several plants that have died. I think the grubs are killing the plants. Is there anything organic I can use to control the grubs?

Franklin County Ohio

Expert Response

Thank you for your question about problems withyour asparagus.  Since you did not include a pic, I have included info about several culprits.  This info is from North Carolina State University:
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/insect-and-related-pests-of-vegetables/pests-of-asparagus

Asparagus beetle

Crioceris, or asparagus beetle, is a genus of the family Chrysomelidae of beetles. The name is neo-Latin from Greek κριός, ram and κέρας, horn.



Asparagus has relatively few pests. Asparagus aphids, asparagus beetles, caterpillars, and slugs damage plants.

A. Insects that feed on exposed berries, buds, shoots, or leaves.


    1. Asparagus beetle – This beetle has a metallic blue head. The thorax is red with two blue spots. Each bluish-black wing cover has three yellowish square spots (Figure 2).
    2. Spotted asparagus beetle – This pest is red-orange or tan with six black spots on each wing cover (Figure 3).
  1. Asparagus beetle larvae – These larvae are soft-bodied, plump, humpbacked, wrinkled, and sluggish. They grow to about 9 mm long and have three pairs of legs near the head and fleshy prolegs on most abdominal segments. They secrete a black fluid which stains the plant.
    1. Asparagus beetle grub – The body is dark gray and the head and prolegs are black. They feed like adult beetles and scar the buds (Figure 4).
    2. Spotted asparagus beetle larvae – The body is pale yellow to orange; they feed primarily on berries (Figure 5).
    3. Beet armyworm – These 30-mm-long caterpillars are soft-bodied, green to black with three lightly colored stripes running the length of the body. There is a black spot on each side of the body on the second segment behind the head. It has three pairs of legs and five pairs of prolegs (Figure 6). Beet armyworms damage buds, young leaves, and tender tips causing the stalks to curl and become deformed.

B. Insects that feed on roots or lower stems and usually are hidden in the soil

  1. Beet armyworm – (See above for description.) Beet armyworms usually feed on the foliage but occasionally they feed on roots or lower stems.
  2. Cutworms – Several kinds of fat, soft-bodied, basically gray, black, or brown caterpillars (40 to 50 mm long when fully grown) feed on asparagus roots. Cutworms have three pairs of legs and five pairs of prolegs (Figure 7A-C). Cutworms occasionally feed above ground on spears and ferns when young, but older larvae burrow in soil during the day and sever plant stems at night. They curl up when disturbed.
  3. Asparagus miner – Small maggots mine in the stems close to the ground (Figure 8) opening the plant up to disease-causing organisms.
  4. Grasshoppers – Fullgrown grasshoppers (Figure 9) are 19 to 33 mm long. They feed on spears, consume foliage, and gnaw and girdle asparagus stems.

Figure 1. Asparagus aphids are pale green and powdery.

Figure 2. The asparagus beetle has a metallic blue head and each bluish-black wing cover has three yellowish square spots.

Figure 3. The spotted asparagus beetle is red-orange or tan with six black spots on each wing cover.

Figure 4. The asparagus beetle grub's body is dark gray and the head and prolegs are black. They feed like adult beetles and scar the buds.

Figure 5. The spotted asparagus beetle larvae is pale yellow to orange. They feed primarily on berries.

Figure 6. The beet armyworm is a soft-bodied, green to black caterpillar with three lightly colored stripes running the length of the body.

Figure 7A-C. Cutworms are fat, soft-bodied, basically gray, black, or brown caterpillars (40 to 50 mm long when fully grown) that feed on asparagus roots.

Figure 8. Asparagus miners are small maggots that mine in the stems close to the ground.

Figure 9. Fullgrown grasshoppers are 19 to 33 mm long.

This second article provides some common sense advice.  Remember to be very cautious when considering any chemical usage.
https://www.rhs.org.uk/biodiversity/asparagus-beetle

Asparagus beetle

Asparagus beetle adults and larvae feed on the stems and foliage asparagus during the summer months. Extensive defoliation can weaken plants and result in a poor crop in the following spring.

Asparagus beetle adult: RHS/Science.

Quick facts

Common name Asparagus beetle
Scientific name Crioceris asparagi
Plants affected Vegetable asparagus, but not ornamental Asparagus species
Main symptoms Presence of adult beetles and grubs. Foliage is eaten and may dry up and turn brown
Most active May-September

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What is asparagus beetle?

Asparagus beetle is one of about 250 species of leaf beetle (family Chrysomelidae) found in Britain, they range in size from 1 mm to 18 mm. The family contains many metallic and attractive species and all feed on plants (herbivores).

Both the colourful adult and grey larval stages of asparagus beetle eat the foliage of asparagus, they can also gnaw bark from stems, causing growth above the point of damage to dry up.

3 / 3Asparagus beetle, adult, larvae and plant damage1 / 3Adult Asparagus beetles2 / 3Asparagus beetle larvae3 / 3Asparagus beetle, adult, larvae and plant damage1 / 3Adult Asparagus beetles2 / 3Asparagus beetle larvae

Symptoms

  • The adult beetles are 6-8mm long (about 1/4in), they are black with six yellow blotches on their wing cases and a reddish thorax
  • They can fly and so can reinvade asparagus patches from nearby and from places where it has overwintered
  • The adult beetles and their grubs feed on asparagus foliage and bark
  • If the bark around the stem circumference has been completely removed, the stem and foliage above dries out and turns yellow brown

Control

Check asparagus frequently from spring onwards so action can be taken before a damaging population has developed. When choosing management options, you can minimise harm to non-target animals by starting with the methods in the non-pesticide control section and avoiding pesticides. Within pesticides, the shorter persistence products (that are usually certified for organic growing) are likely to be less damaging to non-target wildlife than those with longer persistence and/or systemic action. Pesticide treatments are likely to kill natural enemies and are only likely to be successful if the entire plant can be reached.


Non-pesticide control

  • Small populations are unlikely to affect cropping in subsequent years and can be tolerated
  • Hand pick the beetles and larvae from plants when seen from late spring onwards
  • Disposing of old stems at the end of the year may destroy some overwintering beetles
  • Encourage wildlife in the garden, many animals including birds, frogs and predatory insects such as ground beetles and social wasps will eat the larvae and sometimes adult beetles.

Pesticide control

The RHS believes that avoiding pests, diseases and weeds by good practice in cultivation methods, cultivar selection, garden hygiene and encouraging or introducing natural enemies, should be the first line of control. If chemical controls are used, they should be used only in a minimal and highly targeted manner
  • Large plantings, where hand removal is not feasible, can be sprayed with organic contact insecticides containing natural pyrethrins (e.g. Bug Clear Ultra 2, Neudorff Bug Free Bug and Larvae Killer). These pesticides although broad spectrum have a very short persistence and so may require reapplication to keep beetle numbers in check.
  • No synthetic insecticides are available to the home gardener for use on asparagus
  • Plants in flower should not be sprayed to avoid harming bees and other pollinating insects
  • Inclusion of a pesticide product does not indicate a recommendation or endorsement by the RHS. It is a list of products currently available to the home gardener
I hope this info helps you mediate your problem in your asparagus bed.  If I can help more, please let me know.




Juanita B, wljbaker@gmail.com Replied July 14, 2023, 6:23 PM EDT
Thanks for all the information. It will help a lot.
The Question Asker Replied July 15, 2023, 8:24 AM EDT
you are welcome.
Juanita B, wljbaker@gmail.com Replied July 15, 2023, 9:43 AM EDT

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