I cannot tell for sure from your picture what is eating your plants. However, there are a few possibilities. The most common pests of columbine are the columbine leaf miner and the columbine sawfly. While columbine is not usually attractive to most vertebrates it is still a possibility. When looking for what has done the damage, you should look for signs that the pest has been there. This would include tracks or scat from a larger animal or finding insects on the plant. My best guess is that this was caused by a sawfly, but it is only a guess without evidence of the pest. This is the right time of year for the sawfly larva to attack. I am including a bulletin with pictures of the columbine leaf miner and columbine sawfly to show you what to look for and what can be done if you find evidence of the pest.

https://hort.extension.wisc.edu/articles/common-columbine-pests-columbine-leafminer-and-columbine-sawfly/