Knowledgebase

Are these pears safe to eat? #783062

Asked March 03, 2022, 8:42 AM EST

I moved into my QAC house in Church Hill about 7 years ago. There is a pear tree out back. It produces small hard pears. They look a bit funky but I want to what type of pear tree it is and are the fruits edible. The tree looks to have a lot of pest damage. I often see what looks like woodpeckers damaging the tree (or eating something that is causing the actual damage). We don't have a ton of squirrels because of all the feral cats (I might only see one or two a year), but some animal(s) are eating them because I see a lot of bite marks and half eaten fruit underneath the tree (the fallen fruit) that litters the yard and causes an infestation of what I believe to be hornets or wasps.

Queen Anne's County Maryland

Expert Response

This is challenging to identify from these photos alone, as there are several possibilities. Our two primary candidates are a type of pear and a type of crabapple. If a pear, it may be that pollination was not ideal (causing malformed fruit or fruit which doesn't ripen fully, which tends to fall prematurely). Or, it's an odd hybrid instead of one of the conventional European or Asian varieties. If a crabapple, there are dozens to hundreds of species, hybrids, and cultivars possible that we won't be able to narrow-down to an exact ID.

Over this coming season, more information will help us to determine its ID:
  • What color are the blooms? (Only white, or do they have any pink in the petals?) You can send us photos when it flowers this spring.
  • Have you tasted or cut into any fruits to know if there are "grit cells"? This is a trait of pears, and as the name suggests, this would make the flesh feel/taste a bit gritty, like there was sand mixed-in with the fruit's juices.
  • Are the leaves, once fully expanded, completely smooth or do they have a fine layer of hairs (especially on the underside)? Glossy and smooth leaves suggests pear, while slightly fuzzy or matte leaves suggests apple/crabapple.
A fruit tree contracting lots of pest damage is commonplace if that tree isn't managed as a harvestable crop and preventatively treated with pesticides (even if organic); fruit trees are high-maintenance. Some varieties of fruit tree have more inherent disease-resistance than others, though disease pressures will vary from year to year due to weather and no variety is completely immune to issues.

Hornets and wasps like yellowjackets and paper wasps will all take advantage of fallen fruit for sources of sugar and moisture. All you can do to discourage them is to remove fallen fruit and to either dispose of or bury them in a compost pile. Aside from wasps, we aren't sure which wild animal is causing bite marks; lots of animals eat fallen fruit (and those that can climb may nibble while fruits are still on the tree). Raccoons, opossum, fox, and others are all possible.

Miri
It’s definitely pear.  They look like tiny hard pears.  They don’t fall off prematurely only at the end of season near winter…the eaten ones are the only ones that come down during the summer.  I’m asking will it kill me if I eat one.  If they are alright for human consumption, I will start caring for the tree which looks like it’s on its last leg…otherwise I’m going to try and encourage my neighbors to kill it off and plant something better.


The Question Asker Replied March 03, 2022, 12:14 PM EST
Yes, we agree it's probably a pear, and no, it should not be unsafe to eat so you can sample some this year. (Though depending on what type of pear it is and what's causing the poorly-formed fruit, it may not be very palatable.) The pages below plus their included links should help get you started with recommended maintenance guidelines. The first round of preventative sprays will probably need to be applied soon, depending on what priorities you have for pest and disease suppression.
Miri

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