Moving the containers indoors or covering them with a heavy box at night should prevent the unwanted disturbance.  

Raccoons dig up potted plants mostly out of curiosity and the problem usually diminishes after they learn there is nothing of interest there.

Do not use fish or meat-derived fertilizers.

Repellents and noise are mostly ineffective. 

A sturdy dog might be a deterrent.

http://animalrange.montana.edu/documents/extension/nonchemraccoons.pdf