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Copper levels in sheep rations #557625

Asked May 02, 2019, 4:31 AM EDT

What is the recommended safe level of Copper in sheep rations?

County Outside United States

Expert Response

Tissue Copper (Cu) levels in sheep is determined by the concentration of Cu in the diet but are also influence by the concentration of Molybdenum (Mo) and Sulfur (S) in the diet as well.  Mo and Cu are antagonists and high S will interact to lower Cu availability when Mo is also high.   So the precise safe level of Copper in a diet is conditional and dependent on the level of Mo and S in the diet.   In addition, there is an age factor that influences this as well as young lambs are much more efficient at absorbing Cu than adults meaning that adults can handle high dietary levels that younger stock.   With all this said, I would want to see the total dietary copper less than 15 mg/kg diet dry matter and with a minimum of 1-2.4 for adults depending on their production state (higher for lactating ewes and lower for those not working so hard) and around 0.7 mg/kg for lambs.  This is assuming a dietary  Mo content of 1-2 mg/kg and dietary Sulfur of 0.15-0.25%.  

An Ask Extension Expert Replied May 02, 2019, 7:01 PM EDT
Thank you for your response Richard. I have attached an analysis sheet from lamb pellets that were recommended to be fed at 40% with 60% wheat, and as a total ration with 30% wheaten hay.
I would be interested in your views on this ration?????
Regards,
Phil
The Question Asker Replied May 03, 2019, 3:47 AM EDT
The pellets are high in Copper of course for a typical sheep feed source.  When fed as a component of the total diet as you described,  the total diet Cu will likely be in the 13-16 mg/kg range as I would anticipate the wheat grain and chaff to be fairly low in Cu (this is a guess of course and based on what I usually see in the Midwest USA - best to have confirmation on this as I am not sure what AUS soils are concerning Cu level,etc. ).  Since this level is borderline the toxic range, it would help to know the Mo content also.  
An Ask Extension Expert Replied May 03, 2019, 10:46 AM EDT
Thanks Richard. Wheat and hay Cu level are low ( 5 & 3). Mo content in all products tested at below 1.
Just another couple of questions if its ok. This ration has Bovatec as a buffer. Would this potentiate copper levels also??? Does this ration, if fed as recommended, look balanced in the other main nutrients/minerals/trace elements on the analysis sheet???
Regards,
Phil
The Question Asker Replied May 05, 2019, 8:13 AM EDT

Hello Phil,

I am not aware of the ionophore, bovatec impacting absorption of minerals directly.   Bovatec will alter the population of gut microflora and kill protozoa like coccidia.  These actions may cause some indirect alterations in mineral absorption I suppose but it is not predicted that major alterations would occur. 

Regarding the other minerals listed in the analysis, the calcium levels are high relative to phosphorous but this may be advantageous in offsetting the high phosphorous content of the cereal grain in the diet thereby decreasing the risk for  formation of uroliths (bladder stones).  The selenium content is higher than what I feed in my part of the world (we are deficient here and can only legally supplement to 0,3 ppm) however the level in the pellets in not approaching any sort of toxic level either.   So, given the context of how you are going to feed these pellets and what I can glean from the analysis you have provided, this looks pretty good other than the borderline high Cu level of approx. 14 ppm.  You are also welcome to contact me at my email as a follow up if desired:  <personal data hidden>

An Ask Extension Expert Replied May 05, 2019, 12:24 PM EDT

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