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caterpillar eating plants #203437

Asked July 30, 2014, 12:37 PM EDT


I just noticed caterpillars feasting on my daisy-like plant, and I am concerned they will move on to other plants. Do you know what kind of caterpillar it is? 
I have also noticed my hollyhock leaves are being eaten quickly. I do not see caterpillars near them however.

I've attached photos so you may hopefully be able to identify the caterpillar and also tell me
what's eating the hollyhocks!
Thank you!

Bernalillo County New Mexico

Expert Response

The furry caterpillars are the immature stages of some tiger moths---Order Lepidoptera, Family Erebidae (used to be Arctiidae). See the photo of Grammia---which would be a common tiger moth all around the state. The adult stages of this and other tiger moths would fly at night, locate any of a variety of potential host plants and lay eggs. These caterpillars in your photos might be 3-4 weeks old already. When they're smaller and younger, you don't notice them or their damage as much (like babies and little kids)---but then, when they're teenagers---they eat like no tomorrow and they're quite obvious on the plants. The oldest are probably within a few days to a week of getting ready to pupate---when they will likely leave the plants, find some quiet, protected places and then molt into a non-feeding, immobile pupa shaped sort of like a big vitamin lozenge/capsule. Another week or 10 days and a moth will appear (at night) and fly away to start another generation of caterpillars somewhere else.

However, your plants could be attracting continuous attention from other tiger moths just arriving on the scene---so you'll have a population of mixed ages---as well as mixed species, most likely.

Remember that if you have a 'butterfly garden'---with the pretty flowers and visiting butterflies---you also get their babies and those of 'like-minded' moths. Spray something for the caterpillars and that will probably end the moth AND butterfly visiting. The damaged leaves won't heal but will be replaced by plants, if they are otherwise healthy.

If you want to kill the caterpillars, look at the labels of the Bt products---for Bacillus thuringiensis. There are several brand names including Dipel, Thuricide, Deliver Javelin, etc. etc. That works best on the younger stages of exposed caterpillars, but not well at all on caterpillars that bore or mine host tissues. These products have short residuals, however, so reapplication would be needed, probably for at least another month or so to keep plants caterpillar free.

I assume the photo of the foliage is of your hollyhocks? If you turn over foliage and see no culprits---consider grasshoppers, crickets, and katydids as suspects. Spraying something for them would require sterner measures with other products. There's nothing that would provide fast, effective relief with any residual activity in the line of 'organic' products, and, since they are more 'hit and run' pests, some of the conventional insecticides might not deliver that well either. Browse the insecticide shelf at your favorite garden center and read labels for a while, looking for 'grasshopper' and 'flowering plants' or a reasonable synonym.

You might take a little more time with the hollyhocks, turning leaves carefully without shaking them too hard. There's a nifty little sawfly---Neoptilia malvacearum---that's red and black that will visit the foliage. It's a little larger than a house fly---and is harmless to you. Females will lay their eggs in the foliage and you'll see some dark red, pimply looking critters on the undersides of leaves later. These are the grubs that will skeletonize the leaves initially and eat holes in leaves as they grow larger. Usually, they are not abundant, but you'll have successive visits from the adults over the growing season as populations build. They feed for probably at least a couple of weeks before dropping from the plant to pupate---same story as for the caterpillars above. Their primary hosts are hollyhocks---and maybe some related mallows, only those would have to have fairly large leaves to support the larvae.

It would likely be more damaging to flower and seed production than effective on the sawfly larvae to treat the little pests with an insecticide. Certainly the plants won't die, new leaves always appear and a variety of bees keep visiting the flowers until they set seed.

Those are the most likely critters in your garden. I hope this helps.     
An Ask Extension Expert Replied August 08, 2014, 11:49 AM EDT

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